Glaucoma is often referred to as the “silent thief of sight,” and for good reason. This group of eye diseases affects the optic nerve, gradually leading to vision loss. The scariest part? It usually develops without noticeable symptoms until significant damage has already occurred. For South Africans, understanding glaucoma is crucial, as early detection is the key to preserving your vision.
What Is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma occurs when there’s damage to the optic nerve, often linked to increased pressure in the eye (known as intraocular pressure). Over time, this damage impairs your peripheral vision and can eventually lead to complete blindness if untreated.
While anyone can develop glaucoma, certain factors increase the risk:
•Age: People over the age of 40 are more susceptible.
•Family History: If glaucoma runs in your family, your chances are significantly higher.
•Health Conditions: Conditions like diabetes and high blood pressure can raise the risk.
•Ethnicity: Research suggests that individuals of African descent are at a higher risk of developing glaucoma.
Glaucoma in South Africa
In South Africa, glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness, affecting roughly 5% of people over the age of 40. Unfortunately, most cases remain undiagnosed due to a lack of awareness and regular eye screenings.
A study conducted by the South African Glaucoma Society highlighted that nearly 50% of people living with glaucoma are unaware they have it. This is concerning because by the time symptoms such as tunnel vision or blurred sight appear, permanent damage has already occurred.
How Is Glaucoma Diagnosed?
Early diagnosis is vital. During a routine eye examination, your ophthalmologist will look for signs of glaucoma using:
•Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A detailed imaging test that maps and measures the layers of your retina, helping detect optic nerve damage in its earliest stages.
•Tonometry: Measures the pressure inside your eye.
•Ophthalmoscopy: Examines the optic nerve for damage.
•Visual Field Testing: Checks for blind spots or changes in peripheral vision.
Can Glaucoma Be Treated?
While glaucoma cannot be cured, its progression can be slowed down or even halted with proper treatment. Treatment options include:
•Medicated Eye Drops: To lower eye pressure.
•Laser Therapy: To improve fluid drainage.
•Surgery: For more advanced cases where other treatments are insufficient.
Protect Your Vision
Regular eye check-ups are your best defence against glaucoma. The South African Optometric Association recommends that adults over 40 have a comprehensive eye exam at least every two years. If you have a family history of glaucoma or other risk factors, yearly check-ups are advised.
Glaucoma is a silent condition, but it doesn’t have to steal your sight. Early detection and treatment are powerful tools in the fight against this disease. Take the first step—schedule an eye exam today and prioritise your eye health.
For more information or to book an appointment, contact Dr C Gouws, an ophthalmology specialist committed to protecting your vision and eye health.
Don’t let glaucoma catch you off guard. Your eyes deserve the best care—take action now.
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